Useful websites for OSCE preparation / MPharm OSCE

 Pregnancy advice 

- https://uktis.org/ 

- https://www.medicinesinpregnancy.org/Medicine--pregnancy/ 

Enteric feeding  - http://www.rlandrews.org/pdf_files/handbk_of_enteralfeeding.pdf

Swallowing difficulties - https://www.sps.nhs.uk/articles/medicines-suitable-for-adults-with-swallowing-difficulties/ 

Uri didn't know a slight difference to her could cause this trouble until the day she was told about force marriage. Living in a Syrian town, Salma, she was a kind, polite, happy-go-lucky 22 year old. The only difference was that she loved a girl and in the hope of her parents support and their permission, she told her parents about it. Far from her fanciful expectation, her mom fainted and Uri was locked up in her room.

Droplets of sweat started to fall and she tried to open the window but the lock didn't surrender. She kept on meandering her room, trying to settle everything in her mind. However, the more she thought about it, the more complicated it got. She found her pillow soaked up with her tears. She was confused, hatred grew on her parents, but mostly to herself. With growling stomach and desert like throat, she spent 3 days in her unventilated room and right before she was going to faint, her parents came into her room and told her to shower and get ready to go out.

She was so happy, thinking they're going out to meet her girlfriend, but that happiness didn't last for long. She overheard her parents talking about arranged marriage with man whom she had not met with 12 years gap between their ages is going to take place in 3 days. She was so shocked and didn't want to believe the reality since she had no idea about this. The arrangement had been made even before she was born, in exchange with money to pay for her family's loans. She was frozen there for few seconds but quickly started thinking about her plans. The first part of the plan that had to happen as soon as possible was to get out of this house and she knew that the family of the groom will definitely look for her so she needed to go to a place where they can't find her in a short period of time.

She jumped out of her window with all her savings, not giving attention to the risk, but to save her life from being stuck with someone who she doesn't want. The first place that came across her mind was the UK, as she heard that it is a very opened country. Without hesitation, she left a text message to her girlfriend, saying she's going to find a way to solve this problem and booked the earliest flight ticket available.

At the same time, in Iraq, another girl called Mia was trying hard to save her life, too. She was from a Christian family, and she was very religious as she was suffering from a disease called haemophilia. It didn't have any cure and she was devastated, but after she heard miraculous news from her neighbour that her cancer was cured after going to the church every day, and after completing the lent. It was like a stray of hope for her and she started thinking the only cure is the god.

Mia's family was spending sweet time together until a group of Muslim extremists came and kidnapped them. They were tied up and were locked in a room. When the guard went out, Mia found a piece of broken bottle on the ground. She intentionally fell with the chair and picked the life saver up. After several times of drawing the tightly tied rope, she won the victory over it. After breaking her rope, she untied other family members' as well. Luckily, the lock of the gate was very old and rusty, so they managed to break it and get out. They were relieved that they could escape, but everything changed when the guards found out that they weren’t where they’re supposed to be. They started shooting at them while Mia's family was trying to climb up the wall. 'Bang', her mother fell, ‘bang bang’, her brother fell, and it was only her and her dad who managed to climb up the wall.Just when the only thing left to do was to jump down the wall,there was another gun shot…and she saw her dad falling down, in a slow motion. She felt her heart breaking down, but she had no choice, but to run away as far as she could with her running tears.

Mia ran to her maximum and found a hole in a big tree. It was just big enough for her to hide her tiny body. Luckily, the kidnappers ran the other way to chase her, failing to spot Mia and the tree. She ran to a bank, took out all her money in her account and without any hesitation, she went straight to the airport. As she had seen a movie about a nun in UK and her dream was to be a nun, she booked for the nearest flight to the UK.

The airport was where the drama actually started: Mia and Uri met. Coincidently they sat next to each other. As it was a long trip and they had long conversations and when they found out that they were in a similar situation. Because they both didn’t have any company, they decided to stay together. Sharing similar concerns and the condition they are in right now made them like best friends. Especially for Mia, Uri was the only person who Mia could depend on as all her family members passed away.

They reached the UK safely and they were sent to the homes made for refugees. They got on a bus to go to that place, and heard a woman screaming.

 “My purse! Someone stole it!”

“Did you see the culprit?”

“No. But I think I know who did this!”

 Mia and Uri could feel all eyes were on them, when they didn't even know how her purse looked like. They insisted, but soon, the police came they were sent to the police station.          

They interrogated Mia and Uri about the incident, but they couldn't answer any question as they weren't the culprits. After few hours, they were sent back due to no evidence that represented them as criminals. After these vicissitudes, they finally reached the refugee camp and they were briefed about how to claim asylum in the UK and they thought their lives would be smooth after it without knowing what's coming for them. 

They were happy even though there were rats running around and spider webs every corner, just because they weren't in their country. But that’s when Mia could finally let her feelings out. She started sobbing, thinking about her family and feeling guilty as she was the only who escaped. A soft cry of Mia was the only sound in the dark, calm room. No one, not even Uri could comfort her. The long, lonely, sorrowful night was passing and Mia cried herself to sleep.

When the ray of bright light shone that filthy room, they got ready to go to the embassy to sign for the asylum. Mia pretended nothing had happened, but her swollen eyes could tell the story. Uri tried to ignore it and acted normally. When they got to the embassy, there was an immense line starting from the entrance reaching the next building. They spent the whole day waiting with no food and water and when it was their turn, they were told to go back since the embassy was closing. They were disappointed, but stayed positive as it was the only hope they had and they could comeback again.

Their way back felt different to what they saw in the morning. The trees were swaying leaving huge gloomy shadows, the sound of bird chirping also sounded dismal, and they could hear some footsteps chasing after them. They tried to run to a place with more people and started running. However, just when they started running, a hand pulled them. They started screaming and tried to run away from him, but was taken away to a quiet road where they couldn't even spot an ant.

As a ray of light from a car struck them, they could check the person's face, and Uri couldn't close her mouth in shock because the person was the fiance of Uri, who she ran away from. She just dropped, hoping this was just a nightmare. But sadly, it was real. Mia was confused to see Uri getting terrified by the look of a stranger, but remembered what Uri told her and tried to protect her.

Our 15th Fitness run was held on the 25th of January. It was organised by the year 11s with the theme of animals. There were obstacles representing each animal to raise awareness of the endangered animals.

The first obstacle was going through the huddles with some poachers throwing balls at the runners. This was carried out by the orang-utan group which represented how they suffer from the poachers.

The second obstacle was by the birds group, where the runners had to slide down a slippery mat. This represented the first flight of baby birds. Soap water on the mat helped them slide further.

The third obstacle was by the tigers where there was a mini jungle made. Runners had to go through the jungle with the disturbance of leaves and some pits. The runners also had to crawl to pass a net maze which represented the hunting of tigers.

All students from kindergarten to Year 11s participated in this event. Some kindergarten students didn't know the direction to run, so we had to run with them. We were laughing at how cute they were and all of them answered that they definitely enjoyed this run,

We started shooting water guns at the runners and each other which made us soaking wet, but as it was really hot, it helped us be cool and some even wanted water on them. I had to change twice because my friends kept on throwing the whole bucket of water to me. It made me freezing cold although the sun was shining brightly and others were sweating.

It was a memorable and enjoyable run. Luckily no one got injured and the event was closed successfully. Setting obstacles up and cleaning them were quite tiring and annoying, but we felt proud of ourselves and were satisfied looking at others enjoying the event.

We really look forward to the next event, sports day which will be next month and we hope it would be as exciting as the fitness run we just finished.

School expedition report from Chew Valley School

It's formal as it doesn't contain any contractions with apostrophe. Phrases and vocabularies are quite formal and the structure is also formal. However, the writer uses a lot of adjectives and because she included herself in the report, it appears to be more friendly.



School event report from New Plymouth Boys' High school

The report is very formal as the report is about official school event. Words used are also formal with not many adjectives. Information such as the names of the winners is well organised. The structure of this report is formal too. The writer doesn't include her/himself in the report, so it makes a distance between the writer and the reader.

The meeting for organising fundraising events was held in the school hall at 3p.m. It was expected that about 20 people will attend the meeting, but there were 30 students and 20 teachers including the head master, head boy and head girl.

The meeting began with a presentation by the organiser, Mr. Kennedy, for about 10 minutes. Then people were divided into groups to discuss about their ideas for 20 minutes. After that, they had to present their ideas. This is where some troubles happened. One group called the Apples strongly disagreed with the Grapes. Their voices got louder and they were about to fight. Mr Kennedy quickly stopped them saying it is a meeting to help others, so there is no right and wrong with ideas. Apart from that incident, the discussion went well with few good ideas about fundraising like the colour run. 

I can't call this meeting a failed meeting as most parts of the meeting were quite successful but it was disappointing how two groups got into a fight when there are teachers in that group too. For the next meeting which is going to be on the next Thursday at 4pm, we should definietly make sure this kind of incident does not happen again. Hopefully the next meeting will go smoothly and fluently without any troubles.

Interviewer: So - with just under 500 tigers still in the wild, is there anything we can do to improve this situation?

Charity manager: Of course. There is a lot we can do to help the wild tigers. First thing we should do is to identify the high priority tiger populations.

Interviewer: (interrupts) But isn't about 500 the right figure? Why do we need to identify them?

Charity manager: I'm sorry but could you let me go on with what I was saying just now? I'll answer that question later. Um...so, We need to find the exact number and provide spaces for them as we destroyed their habitat. They need 1000 square kilometres free of human activity to mate. They won't do this if they feel uncomfortable and anxious. This will cause the population and the birth rate to drop. Not only it is for the tigers, it is also safer for humans to be far away from tigers as they are wild.

Interviewer: You haven't answered my question yet. Is there any suitable place for them to stay?

Charity manager: I'm sure there are spaces in countries like India and Philippines with areas where not many people stay.

Interviewer: Is that all we can do? Are there any other ways?

Charity manager: Certainly, we can educate children and develop local community-based conservation programmes. This will stop the young people from having ideas to be poachers and they'll most likely try to love the wild animals and save them.

Interviewer: Previously, you mentioned we need to provide the tigers shelters. Is there any precautions to that?

Charity manager: Yes, we definitely need trained officers and guards to protect tigers from the poachers.

Interviewer: Wouldn't it be too dangerous?

Charity manager: That's why they need to be trained really well and they need to be splendid at self defence martial art. Their pays will be good.

Interviewer: Okay, thank you very much for your ideas and let's hope this will work out so that we can preserve the wild life.

Charity manager: Thank you for interviewing me and I hope everyone will be able to realise the importance and the seriousness of this matter.

30th March 2016

My friend Olivia came over to have a sleepover since she lives quite far and we wanted to go to Sunway lagoon at 9am. We watched a horror movie together which I couldn't watch by myself. The background music of the movie was horrifying but overall, it wasn't really scary. We started painting our nails at 2am and ended up sleeping at about 4am, when we had to wake up by 8.30. It was tiring but was worth as I haven't met Olivia for so long.

31st March 2016

It was my birthday and my friends and I decided to go to Sunway lagoon. It has been almost a year since last time and they had new rides and new theme park which made my day even more exciting. Although my favourite ride was closed, we had so much fun. The best part of my birthday was when a lot of people wished me happy birthday. There were more than 90 people and it was quite tiring replying all of them, but I was thankful that people care about my birthday.

pg.55 Cambridge IGCSE English revised edition

Dear Mr. Field,

I came across your article on a newspaper yesterday and I am writing to you about my concerns and plans regarding the decline in elephant population.

I was tremendously shocked to find the number of poor, innocent, baby elephants dying every year. We certainly can't leave them die like that. There has to be some changes and help given by humans since we are the ones who destroyed their natural habitat. 

While thinking about this matter, I read the article about the work you have done and I was very pleased to meet a person with the same mind set as mine. I think what you are doing right now is a great start and more people should be aware of this. 

I am planning on holding some events to raise the awareness of endangered elephants and I have been trying to get some sponsors from big companies. I was thinking if we can make a project team together to save the dying elephants. It would be a great pleasure and an honour if I can work with your team. Thank you for your time reading my letter and I will be waiting for your  reply.

Yours Sincerely,

J.H Williams

click to read the original article

Researchers Find Fish That Walks the Way Land Vertebrates Do

It’s one of the most famous chapters in evolution, so familiar that it regularly inspires New Yorker cartoons: Some 375 million years ago, our ancestors emerged from the sea, evolving from swimming fish to vertebrates that walked on land.

Scientists still puzzle over exactly how the transition from sea to land took place. For the most part, they’ve had to rely on information gleaned from fossils of some of the intermediate species.

• information that fossils of some of the intermediate species gleaned

But now a team of researchers has found a remarkable parallel to one of evolution’s signature events. In a cave in Thailand, they’ve discovered that a blind fish walks the way land vertebrates do.

The waterfall-climbing cave fish, Cryptotora thamicola, has even evolved many of the skeletal features that our ancestors did for walking, including a full-blown pelvis.

• cave fish that can climb waterfalls
• pelvis which was fully blown

“It’s really weird,” said John R. Hutchinson, a biologist at the Royal Veterinary College at the University of London who was not involved in the new study. “It’s a good example of how much fish diversity there’s left to be discovered.”

Drop an ordinary fish on the ground, and it will flop around helplessly: Its fins are adapted for pushing against water, not fighting gravity.

The early land vertebrates, known as tetrapods, evolved adaptations that enabled them to move efficiently over solid ground. A pelvis joined their hind limbs to their spines, for example. Their vertebrae grew flanges so that they interlocked, helping the spine hold itself stiff and straight even when being pulled down by gravity.

• gravity pulled them down

These adaptations led tetrapods to walk in a distinctive fashion, moving their forelegs and hind legs together in a cycle. Early tetrapods probably walked much the way salamanders do today, bending their trunk from side to side as they traveled.

All tetrapods descend from a single ancestor — a single lineage of fish that managed to spread on land. Some other fishes evolved vaguely similar ways of moving around. 

On coral reefs, for example, frogfish can push off surfaces with their fins. They have a gait that looks something like a slow-motion walk. But they can manage this movement only underwater.

Other fish can move on land, although none of them use a tetrapod gait to do so. Some simply squirm, while others, like mudskippers, rely on their front fins as crutches. In Hawaii, the Nopili rock-climbing goby climbs up rock faces by using its mouth as a suction cup.

• goby that climbs rocks

The waterfall-climbing cave fish is leaps ahead of them, it turns out. Pale and blind, the two-inch-long fish feeds on microbes and organic matter growing on the cave walls. It was discovered in 1985, deep inside a system of caves in northern Thailand, and has been found nowhere else.

• Scientists discovered it in 1985

While other fish in the caves enjoy a life in quiet pools, the waterfall-climbing cave fish clambers up slick rocks as water crashes over it.

On a recent expedition to the caves, Apinun Suvarnaraksha, a biologist at Maejo University in Thailand, and Daphne Soares, of the New Jersey Institute of Technology, came across the climber and took some grainy videos of it.

Back in New Jersey, Dr. Soares showed the videos to her colleague, Brooke E. Flammang, an expert on biomechanics.

“I was completely blown away,” Dr. Flammang said. Instead of flopping or crutching, the cave fish were using what looked like a full-blown tetrapod gait.

“These guys seemed to be very leisurely walking up the rock face,” Dr. Flammang said.

She wanted to study the fish more closely, but the species is rare and protected, and she could not bring any of them into her lab.

• needs protections

Dr. Suvarnaraksha did the next best thing. In a Thai museum collection, he found one of the few preserved specimens of the fish. He took it to a dental school and used a high-resolution CT scanner to make images of the fish.

• specimens of the fish that is preserved

After Dr. Suvarnaraksha emailed the images to Dr. Flammang, she was able to line up the images together to reconstruct the fish’s three-dimensional anatomy.

In many ways, the skeleton of the fish looked like what you’d see on a walking tetrapod. “I literally thought someone was playing a trick on me,” she said.

In typical fish, the pelvis is just a pair of small bones floating in the body wall. Fish use the bones only to stabilize their pelvic fins, so that they can stop themselves from rolling over.

In the waterfall-climbing cave fish, on the other hand, the pelvis is a complex of bones that is fused to the spine by elongated ribs. It’s the same arrangement that tetrapods evolved, allowing them to hold themselves up with their hind legs.

• ribs that are elongated

Typical fish also have small vertebrae that don’t overlap, allowing them to bend their bodies as they swim. But the waterfall-climbing cave fish has the same overlapping growths on their vertebrae that stiffen the spine in tetrapods.

“Functionally, it makes perfect sense, but to see it in a fish is incredibly wild,” Dr. Flammang said.

In Thailand, Dr. Suvarnaraksha then went back to the caves with a video camera. He scooped two of the fish into an aquarium and made videos of them walking at different angles.

When Dr. Flammang and her colleagues analyzed the images, they confirmed their initial hunch: The fish were using their tetrapod-like bodies to walk with a tetrapod-like gait. It most closely resembles that of a salamander.

The researchers published their study on Thursday in the journal Scientific Reports.

Dr. Flammang said that the waterfall-climbing cave fish eventually might give scientists hints about how fish originally arrived on land. “The physics are the same,” she said.

Scientists have found trackways in Poland dating back almost 400 million years that look as if they were made by a walking tetrapod. But the oldest tetrapod fossils found so far date only to 375 million years. 

• walking tetrapod made them

It’s possible that a fish, rather than a primitive tetrapod, made those tracks by moving as the waterfall-climbing cave fish does today.

“We see these footprints in a fish today, doing something very unfishlike,” Dr. Flammang said.

Ph

Dear Johnny,

I'm sorry I haven't written you for ages. I was too busy with my school exams. I just finished my exams and I wanted to tell you that I want to invite you for my school party next month! It's on the 18th of April which is the second Tuesday next week.

I promise you it's going to be fun. All of my classmates are attending this prom and it's one of my last events in high school, so it would be really thankful if you can come! You know most of my friends and I'm sure even those people who you don't know will be your friend by the end of this party. There's going to be loud music which you can dance too, good food, good people and you'll be surprised to hear the main aim of this event! We're holding this to raise awareness of the endangered animals and we'll be having games related to this problem.

All the money received from tickets to this party will be donated to the animal sanctuary in Sabah where they sponsor orang-utans, tigers, turtles and birds which are in danger of being extinct. Isn't this great? Having fun, at the same time, helping those animals in need of help! I'm sure you have always wanted to help but you didn't know how and where to go, so this is the perfect chance for you!

You will never regret coming for this party and this is going to be one of the best parties you've ever been to. I'll be waiting for your positive reply! Once again, I guarantee that it's going to be a splash of fun!

With lots of love,
Ye Un

Kung Fu Panda 3

The main character which is the panda is very enthusiastic and active and this is shown by the way he acts and how he is very interested in Kung fu, although he is forced to train by his master. He is eager to improve his kung fu skills as he tries hard to please his master. He is really desperate to find his father as he calls everyone he sees that looks like him. I could spot the disappointment in him when he found out that the other panda who really looks like his father wasn’t his father.

London has fallen

I can see the suspense in the movie by looking at the scenes changing quickly. It’s really thrilling as there are lots of gunshots and the filming effect of focusing on the character and blurring the rest makes the tension even more intense. The body guard is really trying his best to save the president of USA from the terrorists by risking his life. I think the president will be safe and there won’t be any harm done to him as most of the movies are happy ending.

Conjuring2 

I can feel the fear even before actually watching the movie because of the narration behind the scenes. The ticking sound of the ticker tape makes the viewers scared. The darkness makes a gloomy atmosphere and camera zooming in causes tension to be more intense. Caption written at the end of the trailer saying it’s based on a real story terrifies the viewers.

Captain America: Civil War 

First scene starts with someone being trapped which makes the viewers curious. Heavy actions and bombing makes the movie more intense and a scene of one character jumping from a high building is breathtaking. When the fighting starts, I can’t wait for the movie to be released as I don’t want any of my favourite characters to die. The fact that Iron Man and Captain America are going against each other makes me wonder why because they’re in the same team for Avengers.

Zootopia

The characters are so cute and it’s interesting how they all have their own doors which are in different sizes. They are so adorable and it’s funny as well as it uses the stereotypical idea of most people that sloth are really slow and lazy. The film is very bright and lively. One part where the animals don’t let go of each other even when they’re all in danger is very touching and it makes me want to go and watch this film.

Finding Dory

The trailer starts with calming sea with peaceful music and Dory starts 'sleep swimming' this helps the viewers predict something dangerous will happen because Dory won't know where she's going or what she's doing while sleeping. In the next scene, Dory doesn't remember anything she has done and she keeps on forgetting stuff. This makes me wonder how she's going to overcome that problem.

Now You See Me 2

It's a short trailer but it shows most of the characters appearing in the film. Since it's a sequel to the previous film, it keeps mentioning that they are back meaning they have been recognised before. It gives a tone that the film will be as good as the previous one. It shows the tension and makes the viewers get more curious.

Allegiant 

 I had high expectations as the previous movie was excellent. I was worried it wouldn't reach up to my expectations, but as I entered the cinema and watched the first 10 mins of this movie, I realised that was a useless worry. It is the best Divergent series so far and the chemistry between characters have improved and this makes the quality of this movie higher. I can't wait to watch the next one which is going to be released next year.

Have you ever experienced a bad holiday? I'm pretty sure everyone has and I'd like to tell you some of my holiday experiences and my dream holiday which I hope I can get in my life.

I've had so many terrible holidays in the past. They were terrible in various reasons, starting from spending a month just at home, to not being able to go out from a resort due to a horrible weather. I don't really like it when I stay at home, doing nothing although some people like doing that. I like going out with my friends, so I get really depressed when I don't go out for a week. Not being able to go out for a month was a disaster for me even though it doesn't sound that serious. Raining makes me lazy and tired, so it wasn't a good experience to stay in the resort, not being able to enjoy in the water park just because of the rain.

But the worst of all was when I went for a school camp. It took me very long to go through the immigration centre because something was wrong with my passport, and what's more, I lost my luggage in the airport, as soon as I reached Kuching. My seat on the bus was broken, there was no water supply in the room, and I even had to share the room with someone I considered as an enemy. I don't want anything like this to happen again but I want a perfect holiday I've always dreamt of.

I want to go for a relaxing holiday where I can enjoy leisure activities, look at beautiful scenery, and enjoy amazing food there. I also want to go for go carting and ATV because I tried them last year and it was a new, exciting activity. It would be better if it's a country that's safe and clean so that I can go out at night without having to worry. It would be great if I can get some photos that I will remember for the whole life. Bringing a friend that I can trust and rely on would be even better. We can talk about it for a long time and share same memory which I'm pretty sure not everyone has gone through.

It doesn't matter when this happens, but I want to have it one day, and I think it would be great for everyone to plan for a dream holiday and carry it out if you can, and try to make it a life goal to achieve it because it would be an unforgettable memory.

Just like any other forests, birds were chirping as the sun rose, animals in the forest were having a relaxed morning. The refreshing smell of morning dew on the plants gave them positive energy. Just then, a disturbing noise chased even the crocodile away. A group of workers started cutting down the trees and destroyed the animals' habitat. According to their chat, they were going to build a developed city after clearing out the forest.

The animals panicked after hearing what they were talking about. They went to the nymph who lived in the lake, deep in the forest. The nymph said that she would find a way to stop the destruction and the animals were relieved.

Uri didn't know a slight difference to her could cause this trouble until the day she was told about force marriage. Living in a Syrian town, Salma, she was a kind, polite, happy-go-lucky 22 year old. The only difference was that she loved a girl and in the hope of her parents support and their permission, she told her parents about it. Unlike what she was expecting,  her mom fainted and Uri was locked up in her room.

Droplets of sweat started to fall and she tried to open the window but it wouldn't surrender. She kept on walking around her room, trying to settle everything in her mind. However, the more she thought about it, the more complicated it got. She found her pillow soaked up with her tears and noticed that she was crying. She was confused, hatred grew on her parents, but mostly to herself. With growling stomach and desert like throat, she spent 3 days in her unventilated room and right before she was going to faint, her parents came into her room and told her to shower and get ready to go out.

She was so happy, thinking they're going out to meet her girlfriend, but that happiness didn't last for long. She overheard her parents talking about arranged marriage with a 12 years older man and that it's going to take place in 3 days. She was so shocked and didn't want to believe the reality since she had no idea about this. The arrangement had been made even before she was born, in exchange with money to pay for her family's loans. She was frozen there for few seconds but quickly started thinking about her plans. The first part of the plan that had to happen as soon as possible was to get out of this house and she knew that the family of the groom will definitely look for her so she needed to go to a place where they can't find her in a short period of time.

She jumped out of her window with all her savings, not giving attention to the risk, but to save her life from being stuck with someone who she doesn't want. The first place that came across her mind was the UK, as she heard that it is a very opened country. Without hesitation, she left a text message to her girlfriend, saying she's going to find a way to solve this problem and booked the earliest flight ticket available.

At the same time, in Iraq, another girl called Mia was trying hard to save her life, too. She was from a Christian family, and she was very religious as she had been suffering from a disease called haemophilia. It didn't have any cure and she was devastated, but after she heard a miraculous news from her neighbour that her cancer was cured after going to the church everyday and after completing the lent, church was like everything to her. It was a stray of hope to her and she started thinking the only cure is the god.

Mia's family was spending sweet, relaxing, comfortable time together until a group of Muslim extremists came and kidnapped them in a split second. They were tied up and were locked in a room. When the guard went out, Mia found out that her rope wasn't tied tight enough. She untied it and untied other family members' as well. Luckily, the guard forgot to lock the gate, so they could get out. They were excited and happy that they could escape, but everything changed when the guards came back. They were shooting at them, and Mia's family was trying to climb up the wall. 'Bang', her mother fell, 'bang', her brother fell, and it was only her and her dad who managed to climb up the wall. The only thing they had left was to jump down the wall, and there was another gun shot, and she saw her dad falling down, in a slow motion. She felt her heart breaking down, but she had no choice, but to run away as far as she could.

She hid behind the trees in the forest near that place, and luckily, the kidnappers ran the other way to chase her. She ran to a bank, took out all her money and without any hesitation, she went straight to the airport. As she has seen a movie about a nun in UK and her dream was to be a nun, she booked for the nearest flight to the UK.

The airport was where Mia and Uri met. Coincidently, they sat next to each other. As it was a long trip, they had long conversations and when they found out that they were in a similar situation, they decided to stay together. They got really close in that short period of time since they shared similar concerns, and it was their first time talking to someone who actually understood them. Mia, especially appreciated meeting her and considered Mia as her family as she didn't have any family members left. Uri was the only person who Mia could depend on.

They reached the UK safely and they were sent to the homes made for refugees. They got on a bus to go to that place, and heard a woman screaming saying her purse disappeared. Mia and Uri could feel all eyes were on them, when they don't even know how it looks like. They insisted, but soon, the police came they were sent to the police station.          

They asked Mia and Uri about the incident, but they couldn't answer as they weren't the culprits. After few hours, they were sent back as there was no evidence that represented them as criminals. After these vicissitudes, they finally reached the refugee camp and they were briefed about how to claim asylum in the UK and they thought their lives would be smooth after it without knowing what's coming for them. They were happy even though there were rats running around and spider webs every corner, just because they weren't in their country.

When the sun rose again in that filthy room, they went to the embassy to sign for the asylum. There was an immense line starting from the entrance reaching the next building. They spent the whole day waiting, and when it was their turn, they were told to go back since the embassy was closing. They were disappointed, but stayed positive as it was their first time there.

Their way back felt different to what they saw in the morning. The trees were swaying leaving huge gloomy shadows, the sound of bird chirping also sounded dismal, and they could hear some footsteps chasing after them. They tried to run to a place with more people and started running. However, just when they started running, a hand pulled them. They started screaming and tried to run away from him, but was taken away to a quiet road where no one passed by.

As there was a ray of light, they could check the person's face, and Uri couldn't close her mouth in shock because the person was the fiance of Uri, who she ran away from. She never thought she would meet him again and was hoping not to. Mia was confused since she didn't know him, but was able to find out easily by looking at Uri's expressions and went closer to Uri.

Sami, the name of Uri's unwanted fiance left Salma to get Uri back 1 week after Uri left. People were talking about how incompetence he was, losing his own fiance. He couldn't stand his pride getting hurt and promised himself and his parents that he was going to get Uri back, hoping that would restore people's respect towards him. He was irritated when it was not easy to find Uri and was ready to do anything if she wouldn't listen to his commands. He predicted that Uri would go to the embassy and waited there for few days and luckily found her on the second day of his stake out. He was full equipped with weapons to threaten her incase she didn't  want to go back with him.

Only a weird loud laugh of Sami resonated and two girls were shaking in fear, Mia just rubbing her rosary. Sami was so happy that he finally found her and he will be respected again. He tried to drag Uri away from Mia and reported that she had to go back with him, but Uri resisted, and Mia pulled Uri back. That caused Sami's anger. He began to shout that she had to go back to Salma, and she doesn't have any choice, no matter how hard she tried. Uri would have just followed him if she was like how she was in the past, but it wasn't the old Uri anymore. She screamed saying that she's never going to go back and this triggered the disaster. Sami was so annoyed and he took out a small blade and threatened Uri to come with him. He swung the blade and heard Uri scream, but saw Mia lying on the ground. Unstoppable blood started to flow from Mia's neck and it was worse since she had hemophilia. Sami was flustered and immediately ran away.

Uri didn't know what to do and it was Mia who tried to calm her down. Mia thanked Uri for being the first ever friend to accept her as she is, not caring about her religion. She also added that she doesn't regret what she did because she wouldn't mind sacrificing herself for her best friend. Her last words were ' I hope you can achieve what you want to do and be without any turbulence, have a great life so that when we meet again, I can thank you for achieving my dream. Your dream is my dream, so make sure you achieve it. Thank you so much and love you..'

Uri couldn't stop crying until a photographer called Josh came and asked her what was wrong. He was a photographer who took photos of the sky at night. He was taking beautiful view of the night sky like any other day, and heard some people quarrelling and crying. He was curious and approached to a young girl who was crying. He was shocked to find a girl lying down bleeding, and immediately called an ambulance.

Unfortunately, it was too late to save Mia. She couldn't even have a proper funeral since she didn't have any money nor she had friends that could come and sorrow. Mia was buried silently with her rosary that she always carried with her and her luggage which was mostly books and bibles. Josh came to her burial and was willing to help Uri. It was a quiet, sad burial with Uri's cries echoing.

With Josh's help, Uri managed to report this case to the police, giving the photo that Josh took as the evidence. Since she wasn't the citizen, they could only           and said that the case is going to be sent back to her hometown if she can't redeem her asylum in a month. Uri was devastated, but Josh had an idea. Since Uri always kept her diary and wrote everything down, he thought posting it on a portal site will raise awareness for claiming asylum and the situation these days.

Luckily, Josh had a lot of followers and the news was spread quickly and people sorrowed Mia's death and soon, Mia's grave was full with flowers that were given by the visitors. This story went into the Catholic Diocesan of London and Mia and her family were given the title of martyr.



                                                                                                           

How likely is it for an ex-criminal, a homosexual and a Middle East immigrant to live in a same area, same building? Well, in the rural part of Haviland, Ohio, an ex-criminal called James, a homosexual called Jasper and a girl from the Middle East called Amira were living in a same apartment. Amira and Jasper got to know each other from work and Jasper and James were just neighbours until an incident happened.

Making a mistake of stealing at the age of 15 because of peer pressure, James had to be locked up in a prison for 4 years. The memories and education for those 4 years are gone. He had to suffer from not knowing certain things which his classmates did, when he went to high school. He was bullied at school, no teachers would listen to him. There was an incident where a student lost ten dollars, and of course, he was the first one to be blamed. Although there was no proof and he had an alibi, nobody, absolutely no one would believe him. Even later when they found out that the student misplaced her money, they wouldn’t apologise, but think that was a right thing to do. No matter how hard he tried to blend into these society, the society kept on rejecting him, repelling him. He didn’t know what else he could do anymore and thought of something which a person should never consider. He went to the top of a tall building at 6 am and made up his mind. Just then, Jasper was passing by the building and found him. Jasper was afraid of losing a person's life in front of him and quickly ran up the stairs to save him. He tried to convince him by saying all the important and happy moments of life James will lose if he just let go of his life, but this didn't work of James. Instead, James asked Jasper if he could listen to his story and started telling him about what he had to suffer. The fact that there was someone to listen to him made James forget about dying and James and Jasper became best friends.

Let them in

A criminal usually can’t get into the society easily because of people’s attention towards them. People make their own judgements whether it’s correct or not. Whatever happens, they get the blame, and not many people try to listen to them.

This is what James has to go through everyday. Making a mistake of stealing at the age of 15 because of peer pressure, he had to be locked up in a prison for 4 years. The memories and education for those 4 years are gone. He had to suffer from not knowing certain things which his classmates did, when he went to high school. He was bullied at school, no teachers would listen to him. There was an incident where a student lost ten dollars, and of course, he was the first one to be blamed. Although there was no proof and he had an alibi, nobody, absolutely no one would believe him. Even later when they found out that the student misplaced her money, they wouldn’t apologise, but think that was a right thing to do. No matter how hard he tried to blend into these society, the society kept on rejecting him, repelling him.

 He didn’t know what else he could do anymore and thought of something which a person should never consider. He went to the top of a tall building at 6am and made up his mind. Just then, a flyer landed on his head. He picked it up and started reading it. It was written, 'A shelter for all hurt spirits: ASHS, every Tuesday 7am, City Square’. This gave him a little hope to continue staying alive and decided to attend that meeting as it was about an hour later.

At the same time, there were few other people who got this flyer by chance. An immigrant from Congo, named Ray, spotted this flyer on the way back from work. His job was a delivery man and it was the first job he got in 5 years. Other employers wouldn't accept him just because he's from a poorer country. The happiness of him getting a job didn't last for even a day. When he went for his first delivery, the recipient didn't want to receive it just because he was an immigrant. Who said that racism was over? He had to experience the bitterness of being an immigrant everyday. At first, he tried to be positive and be happy that he had a job, but now, he has reached the point where he himself look down on him and he had no confidence at all.

Susan was just like any other people, but she had one thing that was different. Unlike other people , she liked people of the same sex. It was hard for people to notice because they just thought Susan was really friendly and liked to hang out with her friends. This made Susan harder since they all considered her as a friend and didn't consider how she treats them specially weird. Hence, when she confessed about her love, they looked at her like a monster and she started losing all her friends. Exaggerated facts travelled like wildfire. She lost all her hope and had no inspiration or motivation to continue the life, but just staying alive as days pass by. She was desperate to look for a reason to be alive.

The last invitation flyer of ASHS went to a girl called Lacey who was disabled. She couldn't hear properly. There were some who helped her but the majority of her classmates made fun of her because her pronunciation wasn't clear and she could't respond to them even when they were talking behind her back. Lacey was still a cheerful girl whose role model was Helen Keller, but after her mother passed away, she had to go through great sorrow and couldn't recover from it even now, after 5 years. She got bullied and she was always alone, isolated from the world. She just blames herself for being disabled.

AT 7a.m, on a Tuesday, Susan, Lacey, Ray, and James got together in front of City Square building. They found themselves holding the same flyer and immediately knew they were in a similar condition. A man came out of the door welcoming them and took them to a room. Surprisingly, he knew all the members; their name, personality, background, and everything. He was named Jacob and he was a social worker. Because all of the members had experienced the help of a social worker and it didn't really help them, they were willing to go back home before he introduced himself.

Pip was sent to London and taught how to be a gentleman to get the expectations given to him. He loved a girl called Estella. Estella was from a rich family, so he tried his best to behave and be well mannered as the sponsor who sent him to London and wanted him to get educated will only leave him his inheritance. Pip was a naive boy and he worked hard to get Estella's love more than trying to get the money. He met Herbert who was a friend and a teacher at the same time. He was very helpful and Pip liked hanging out with him. When Joe wanted to come and visit Pip, Pip was unpleasant about it as he wasn't a well mannered man. By looking at this, we can conclude that he changed and started to be disdainful of people who were not in high class even when he was one before.





Herbert told Pip to think about loving Estella one more time as Pip was going to be unhappy because of the difference between them. Estella was well educated and there was barely any hope for him. But Pip couldn't stop liking her. Estella had so many admirers and Pip would get jealous of them right away.


He found out that the one who was sponsoring him and was willing to give him inheritance was the man who Pip helped before, the criminal. He was very shocked about it and he was disgusted of him. Why would he be disgusted? I know he's a criminal but if it wasn't that man, Pip wouldn't be having this gentleman-like life and wouldn't have a chance to experience all these. But at the same time, not losing his kind character, he also helped him hide and didn't want him to be arrested and hanged.  The prisoner's name was Magwitch and he wasn't the actual criminal, but was blamed for it because his friend betrayed him.

0500/01/M/J/2003

11) a) write a summary of the character and attitudes of Giovanetta's father and what he thinks about his daughter.

Giovanetta's dad, Mr Torti is a caring person especially towards his daughter even though he likes to grumble a lot when Giovanetta does something that gets on his nerves. He always would be on her side no matter what. He handles his car very carefully calling it is very precious and he never let Giovanetta drive it, saying young people drive too fast.


b) After having fun with her friends, she got on her car confidently. As she continued her journey, she was confused as her father had been always with her. However, she kept on driving in a high speed, listening to her favourite song instead of the boring news that her father loved. Suddenly, she felt herself flying in the air. She tried to get control of the car, but due to the high speed, the car was own its own, crushing into bushes and branches. At that moment, she remembered how this car was so important to Mr Torti, but even before finishing thinking about it, the car landed in a field which was silent and was alluring. She recalled her father's wild tempers and right after sitting down in the passenger's seat, she fell into deep sleep.

Green Team Challenge

Head teacher(myself): Let's consider what these students have said. I must let the GTC know today which finalist we have chosen.

Deputy headteacher: I have looked through their profiles, but it was not easy to decide on. They all have their own strengths and weakness.

Head teacher: All right, let's have a look together.

Deputy headteacher: The first candidate is Marissa. She is a hard working, sporty student with good communication skills. She also likes solving problems which is required for this challenge. She likes being outdoors, so she should be able to adapt to the surrounding easily. What do you think? The second student is Didier who is very confident with his muscles and he seems to be extremely sporty, with map reading skills. He also manages football team and is handy with a hammer, but I personally do not want to choose him as our school's representative.

Deputy headteacher: Why do you think so? He has all the skills needed for survival like using tools and map reading and he is also exceedingly good in sports. I would choose this student. He looks like a person that can help others as well.

Head teacher: I partially agree with you, but when you look at how they speak or write, you can predict their characters. As you can see, the way he puts his words is very impolite. He thinks of himself as a  strong muscular man. I mean, it is good to have confidence in oneself, but he is a narcist. He would most likely look down on others during this team challenge and it is not going to be a good reputation of our school.

Deputy headteacher: I see, I get your point. He might not be the best choice. Let's move on to the third candidate now. Her name is Kim and she likes to think she's an all round achiever. She keeps fit by doing sports and she completed her lifesaving badges in swimming. She has also won a prize at the National Science Fair and she loves inventing which can help in solving problems. She was also the part of the Student Counselling Service for over a year.

Head teacher: She sounds sensible and she matches the requirement. We should decide on the finalist between Marissa and Kim.

Deputy headteacher: I suggest choosing Kim. She is well mannered and she is an intelligent girl.

Head teacher: I agree with you, by looking at her profile, she looks humble, honest and responsible as well. She can also work with others which is the most important part in teamwork and as she is the eldest, she would know how to care others. She would also be able to communicate well and take in information. So, our final decision is Kim and would you please let her know about it?

Deputy headteacher: Sure, I will inform her by the end of this week.

Great Expectations

Summary of first 20 pages of 'Great Expectations'

A boy named Philip used to call himself pip because that was the only way he could pronounce his name as a young boy. He introduced his name as Pip and others started calling him Pip as well. His parents were both dead and he lived with his sister. He liked going to the churchyard to see his parents' grave and used to sit there for quite some time. One day, he went to the churchyard as usual and found one odd, fierce man. He threatened Pip to bring food and files from the blacksmith, which was Pip's brother in law or else he would cut Pip's throat out. As a young boy, Pip feared him and ran back to his house. Like the man told him, Pip stole some food from the kitchen hoping he wouldn't get caught because they had a lot of food since it was Christmas. Without his sister noticing, he managed to take the file and food to the man in the churchyard. 


The next morning, when the family was having breakfast, Pip's sister drank the brandy that was refilled by Pip after taking some for the man, and started jumping around. What Pip thought was water wasn't actually water but Pip's brother in law, Joe's medicine. Pip was extremely nervous that they might find out what he has done the night before, but they moved on and started looking for meat pie. Again, Pip was at the edge of his toes because he stole it too. Luckily, police officers came in asking if they had seen two convicts. The family was curious about it, so without looking for the pie, they went to find the convicts. The officers and the family managed to catch them and one of the convicts, who had received food from Pip the night before, confessed that he had taken some food from the blacksmith's house. That way, Pip could get over with the situation, without the family knowing that he was the one who stole food to give out to convicts.